{ Approved by public referendum on: 29 April 2003 }
{ Official long name: Permanent Constitution of the State of Qatar }
{ In force: [day after promulgation by the Emir] }
{ ICL Document Status: 29 April 2003 }
{ Editor's Note:
The ICL-edition is based on the english translation officially published
by the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs. There is no definite information yet
(Feb 2004) about the actual promulgation of the constitution. }
Article 1 []
Qatar is an independent sovereign Arab State. Its religion is Islam and
Shari'a law shall be a main source of its legislations. Its political
system is democratic. The Arabic Language shall be its official language.
The people of Qatar are a part of the Arab nation.
Article 2 []
The capital of the State is Doha City; and it may be transferred to any
other place by a law. The State shall exercise its sovereignty on its
territory and it may not relinquish its sovereignty neither may it cede
any part of its territory.
Article 3 []
The law shall specify the flag of the State, the emblem, decorations,
badges, and the National Anthem.
Article 4 []
The law shall determine the financial and banking system of the State, and
specify its official currency.
Article 5 []
The State shall preserve its independence, sovereignty, territorial safety
and integrity, security and stability, and defend itself against
aggression.
Article 6 []
The State shall respect the international charters and conventions, and
strive to implement all international agreements, charters, and
conventions it is party thereof.
Article 7 []
The foreign policy of the State is based on the principle of strengthening
international peace and security by means of encouraging peaceful
resolution of international disputes; and shall support the right of
peoples to self-determination; and shall not interfere in the domestic
affairs of states; and shall cooperate with peace-loving nations.
Article 8 []
The rule of the State is hereditary in the family of Al Thani and in the
line of the male descendants of Hamad Bin Khalifa Bin Hamad Bin Abdullah
Bin Jassim. The rule shall be inherited by the son named as Heir Apparent
by the Emir. In the case that there is no such son, the prerogatives of
rule shall pass to the member of the family named by the Emir as Heir
Apparent. In this case, his male descendants shall inherit the rule. The
provisions of the rule of the State and accession shall be determined by a
special law that shall be issued within a year commencing as from the date
of coming into force of this Constitution. This law shall have the power
of the Constitution.
Article 9 []
The Emir shall, by an Emiri Order, appoint an Heir Apparent after
consultation with the members of the Ruling Family and the people of
wisdom (Ahal Alhal wal agd) in the State. The Heir Apparent must be a
Muslim of a Qatari Muslim Mother.
Article 10 []
The Heir Apparent, on his appointment, shall take the following of oath:
( I swear by Almighty God to respect Sharia law, the Constitution and the
law, maintain the independence of the State and safeguard its territorial
integrity, defend the freedom and interests of its people, and be loyal to
the State and the Emir).
Article 11 []
The Heir Apparent shall assume the powers and discharge the functions of
the Emir on his behalf during his absence outside the country, or in the
event of temporary compelling circumstances).
Article 12 []
The Emir may, by an Emiri Order, confer upon the Heir Apparent the
exercise of some of his powers and the discharge of some of his functions.
The Heir Apparent shall preside over the sessions of the Council of
Ministers whenever he is in attendance.
Article 13 []
Without prejudice to the provisions of the two preceding articles, and
where it is not possible to delegate powers to the Heir Apparent, the Emir
may, by an Emiri Order, designate a deputy from the Ruling Family to
discharge some of his powers and functions; and where the person who has
been so designated holds a post or performs a function in any institution,
the same person shall cease to discharge the duties of that post or
function during his deputation of the Emir; and the Deputy Emir shall, as
soon as he is so designated, take, before the Emir, the same oath as taken
by the Heir Apparent.
Article 14 []
There shall be established a Council by an Emiri Resolution named "The
Council of the Ruling Family". The Emir shall appoint the Members of such
Council from amongst the members of the Ruling Family.
Article 15 []
The Council of the Ruling Family shall determine the vacancy of the
position of the Emir in the event of his demise or when he becomes totally
incapacitated to discharge his functions. Following this, the Council of
Ministers and Al-Shoura Council shall after a secret joint session
announce the vacancy and declare the Heir Apparent as the Emir of the
State.
Article 16 []
Where the Heir Apparent, at the time he is named Emir of the State, is
less than 18 years of age according to the Gregorian calendar, the reins
of Government shall be conferred upon a Regency Council to be appointed by
the Council of the Ruling Family. The Regency Council shall be composed of
a Chairman and not less than three or more than five Members; and the
Chairman and the majority of Members shall be from amongst the Ruling
Family.
Article 17 []
The financial emoluments of the Emir as well as the funds allocated for
gifts and assistance shall be determined by a resolution issued annually
by the Emir.
Article 18 []
The Qatari society is based on the values of justice, benevolence,
freedom, equality, and high morals.
Article 19 []
The State shall maintain the pillars of the society and ensure security,
stability, and equal opportunities for all citizens.
Article 20 []
The State shall strive to strengthen the spirit of national unity,
cooperation, and fraternity among all citizens.
Article 21 []
The family is the basis of the society. A Qatari family is founded on
religion, ethics, and patriotism. The law shall regulate adequate means to
protect the family, support its structure, strengthen its ties, and
protect maternity, childhood, and old age.
Article 22 []
The State shall provide care for the young, and protect the same from
corruption, exploitation, evils of physical, mental and spiritual neglect.
The State shall also create conducive circumstances for developing their
capabilities in all fields based on sound education.
Article 23 []
The State shall foster public health; provide means of prevention from
diseases and epidemics and their cure in accordance with the law.
Article 24 []
The State shall foster, preserve and help disseminate sciences, arts,
cultural and national heritage, and encourage scientific research.
Article 25 []
Education is one of the basic pillars of social progress. The state shall
ensure, foster, and endeavor to spread it.
Article 26 []
Ownership, capital and labour constitute the foundation of the social
structure of the State; and the same are individual rights with a social
function and which shall be regulated by the law.
Article 27 []
Private property is inviolable; and no one shall be deprived of his
property save by reason of public benefit and in the cases prescribed by
the law and in the manner stated therein provided that the person
concerned is fairly compensated.
Article 28 []
The State shall guarantee freedom of economic enterprise on the basis of
social justice and balanced cooperation between private and public
activity in order to achieve socio-economic development, increase in
production, achieve public welfare, raise standard of living, and provide
job opportunities in accordance with the provisions of the law.
Article 29 []
Natural wealth and its resources are the property of the State; and the
State shall preserve and exploit the same in the best manner in accordance
with the provisions of the law.
Article 30 []
The employee- employer relationship shall be based on the ideals of social
justice and shall be regulated by law.
Article 31 []
The State shall encourage investment and shall provide the necessary
guarantees and facilities for it.
Article 32 []
The law shall regulate State loans.
Article 33 []
The State shall preserve the environment and its natural balance in order
to achieve comprehensive and sustainable development for all generations.
Article 34 []
The Citizens of Qatar shall be equal in public rights and duties.
Article 35 []
All persons are equal before the law and there shall be no discrimination
whatsoever on grounds of sex, race, language, or religion.
Article 36 []
Personal freedom shall be guaranteed and no person may be arrested,
detained, searched, neither may his freedom of residence and mobility be
restricted save under the provisions of the law; and no person may be
subjected to torture, or any degrading treatment; and torture shall be
considered a crime punishable by law.
Article 37 []
The sanctity of human privacy shall be inviolable, and therefore
interference into privacy of a person, family affairs, home of residence,
correspondence, or any other act of interference that may demean or defame
a person may not be allowed save as limited by the provisions of the law
stipulated therein.
Article 38 []
No citizen shall be banished neither shall he be denied re-entry to his
country.
Article 39 []
An accused person is presumed innocent until his conviction is proved
before a count of law wherein the necessary guarantees of the right of
self-defense are secured.
Article 40 []
No crime and no punishment save as prescribed by the law and no penalty
save on the acts committed subsequent to the enforcement of that law; and
punishment is personal. The provisions of the laws shall have no effect
save on the acts committed from the date of the enforcement of the said
laws. These provisions shall have no effect on the acts which occurred
prior to the enforcement of the said laws; however, it may be stipulated
otherwise by a majority of two- thirds of Al-Shoura Council in case of
non-criminal provisions.
Article 41 []
The Qatari nationality and the rules governing it shall be prescribed by
law, and the same shall have the similar power as that of the
constitution.
Article 42 []
The State shall ensure the right of citizens to elect and be elected in
accordance with the law.
Article 43 []
Taxes shall be founded on social justice and henceforth may not be levied
save by a law.
Article 44 []
The right of the citizens to assemble is guaranteed in accordance with the
provisions of the law.
Article 45 []
The right of citizens to establish association is guaranteed in accordance
with the conditions and circumstances set forth in the law.
Article 46 []
Individuals have the right to address public authorities.
Article 47 []
Freedom of expression of opinion and scientific research is guaranteed in
accordance with the conditions and circumstances set forth in the law.
Article 48 []
Freedom of press, printing and publication shall be guaranteed in
accordance with law.
Article 49 []
All citizens have the right to education; and the State shall endeavor to
make general education compulsory and free of charge in accordance with
the applicable laws and regulations of the State.
Article 50 []
Freedom to practice religious rites shall be guaranteed to all persons in
accordance with the law and the requirements of the maintenance of public
order and morality.
Article 51 []
The right of inheritance shall be maintained and governed by Shari'a law.
Article 52 []
Every person who is a legal resident of the State shall enjoy protection
to his person and property in accordance with the provisions of the law.
Article 53 []
Defending the country is a duty of every citizen.
Article 54 []
The public post is a national service; and a public employee shall make
public interest his only objective when performing the duties of his post.
Article 55 []
Public funds are inviolable and its protection is a duty of everyone in
accordance with the law.
Article 56 []
General confiscation of property is prohibited. The penalty of
confiscation of private property shall only be imposed by a court judgment
and in cases specified by the law.
Article 57 []
The respect of the Constitution, compliance with the laws issued by Public
Authority, abiding by public order and morality, observing national
traditions and established customs is a duty of all who reside in the
State of Qatar or enter its territory.
Article 58 []
Extradition of political refugees is prohibited; and the law shall
determine conditions of granting political asylum.
Article 59 []
The people are the source of power, and they shall exercise the same in
accordance with the provisions of this Constitution.
Article 60 []
The system of Government is based on the separation of powers and shall be
exercised in collaboration with the manner specified in this Constitution.
Article 61 []
The Legislative Authority shall be vested in Al-Shoura Council as
prescribed in this Constitution.
Article 62 []
The Executive Authority shall be vested in the Emir and he shall be
assisted by the Council of Ministers as specified in this Constitution.
Article 63 []
The Judicial Authority shall be vested in courts of law as prescribed in
this Constitution; and court judgments shall be pronounced in the name of
the Emir.
Article 64 []
The Emir is the head of State. His person shall be inviolable and he must
be respected by all.
Article 65 []
The Emir is the Commander-in- Chief of the armed forces. He shall
supervise the same with the assistance of Defence Council under his direct
authority. The said Council shall be constituted by an Emiri Resolution,
which will also determine the functions thereof.
Article 66 []
The Emir shall represent the State internally and externally and in all
international relations.
Article 67 []
The Emir shall discharge the following functions:
1. Drawing up the general policy of the State with the assistance of the
Council of Ministers;
2. Ratification and promulgation of laws; and no such law may be issued
unless it is ratified by the Emir;
3. Summoning the Council of Ministers to convene at any time deemed
necessary for public interest; and the Emir shall preside over the
meetings of the Council of Ministers that he attends;
4. Appointment of civil servants and military personnel and terminating
their service in accordance with the law;
5. Accrediting diplomatic and consular missions;
6. Granting pardon or commuting penalty in accordance with the law;
7. Conferring civilian and military orders and badges of honour in
accordance with the law;
8. Establishment and organization of ministries and other Government
bodies and specifying their functions;
9. Establishment and organization of such consultative bodies to assist
him in directing, supervising, and specifying the functions of the high
policies of the State;
10. Any other functions vested upon him by this Constitution or the law.
Article 68 []
The Emir shall conclude treaties and agreements by a decree and refer them
to Al-Shoura Council accompanied with appropriate explanatory notes. The
treaty or agreement shall have the power of law after ratification and
publication in the official Gazette; however, reconciliation treaties and
treaties pertaining to the territory of the State or those relating to the
right of sovereignty or public or private rights of the citizens, or those
that involve an amendment of the laws of the State shall come into force
when the same are issued as a law. Under no case may a treaty include
secret conditions contradicting its publicized conditions.
Article 69 []
The Emir may, be a decree, declare Martial Laws in the country in the
event of exceptional cases specified by the law; and in such cases, he may
take all urgent necessary measures to counter any threat that undermine
the safety of the State, the integrity of its territories or the security
of its people and interests or obstruct the organs of the State from
performing their duties. However, the decree must specify the nature of
such exceptional cases for which the martial laws have been declared and
clarify the measures taken to address this situation. Al-Shoura Council
shall be notified of this decree within the fifteen days following its
issue; and in the event that the Council is not in session for any reason
whatsoever, the Council shall be notified of the decree at its first
convening. Martial laws shall be declared for a limited period and the
same shall not be extended unless approved by Al-Shoura Council.
Article 70 []
The Emir may, in the event of exceptional cases that require measures of
utmost urgency which necessitate the issue of special laws and in case
that Al-Shoura Council is not in session, issue pertinent decrees that
have the power of law. Such decree-laws shall be submitted to Al-Shoura
Council at its first meeting; and the Council may within a maximum period
of forty days from the date of submission and with a two-thirds majority
of its Members reject any of these decree-laws or request amendment
thereof to be effected within a specified period of time; such decree-laws
shall cease to have the power of law from the date of their rejection by
the Council or where the period for effecting the amendments have expired.
Article 71 []
Defensive war shall be declared by an Emiri decree and aggressive war is
prohibited.
Article 72 []
The Emir shall appoint the Prime Minister, accept his resignation and
remove him from office by an Emiri order; and the resignation of the Prime
Minister or his removal from office shall entail all Ministers. In the
event of acceptance or resignation or removal from the office, the same
Council shall continue to run urgent matters until such time the new
Council is appointed.
Article 73 []
The Emir shall appoint Ministers by an Emiri Order upon nomination by the
Prime Minister; and he shall accept resignations of Ministers and relieve
them from office in a like manner. Where a resignation of a minister has
been accepted, the Minister may be entrusted with running urgent matters
until his successor is appointed.
Article 74 []
The Emir shall take the following oath prior to the discharge of his
functions in a special session convened by Al-Shoura Council:
The Emir shall take the following oath prior to the discharge of his
functions in a special session convened by Al-Shoura Council:
(I swear by Almighty God to respect Sharia law, the Constitution and the
law, protect the independence of the State, safeguard its territorial
integrity, and defend the freedom and interests of its people).
Article 75 []
The Emir shall seek public opinion on important issues pertaining to the
interests of the State in a referendum. The subject of such referendum
shall be deemed acceptable if acknowledged by the majority of voters; and
the results of the referendum shall be binding and effective from the date
of its announcement. The results shall be published in the official
Gazette.
Article 76 []
Al-Shoura Council shall assume the legislative authority, approve the
general policy of the Government, the budget, and it shall exercise
control over the executive authority as specified in this Constitution.
Article 77 []
Al-Shoura Council shall consist of forty-five Members thirty of whom shall
be elected by direct, general secret ballot; and the Emir shall appoint
the remaining fifteen Members from amongst the Ministers or any other
persons. The term of service of the appointed Members in Al-Shoura Council
shall expire when these Members resign their seats or are relieved from
their posts.
Article 78 []
The system of election shall be determined by law in which the conditions
and procedure of nomination and election are specified.
Article 79 []
The electoral constituencies into which the State is divided and the
districts thereof shall be determined by a decree.
Article 80 []
The member of Al-Shoura council should fulfill the following conditions:
1. To be a holder of an original Qatari nationality;
2. His age shall not be less than thirty calendar years at the closing
date of nomination;
3. To be good in reading and writing Arabic;
4. Not to have been convicted by a competent court of law for an offense
involving moral turpitude or dishonesty unless rehabilitated in accordance
with the law; and
5. Eligible to vote as determined in the elections law.
Article 81 []
The term of Al-Shoura Council shall be four calendar years commencing from
the date of the first meeting; and the elections of the new Council shall
be conducted during the last ninety days of the aforementioned term. The
Member whose term of service expires may be re-elected; and where the
elections are not held at the expiry of the term of the Council or delayed
for any reason whatsoever, the term of the Council shall remain intact
until a new Council is elected. The legislative term shall not be extended
save for necessity and by decree provided that the said extension shall
not exceed the period of one legislative term.
Article 82 []
The law shall determine the competent Judicial Authority that shall decide
on the validity of the Members' election of Al-Shoura Council.
Article 83 []
Where for any reason a seat of one of the elected Members of Al-Shoura
Council falls vacant at least six months before the term of the Council
expires, a successor shall be elected within two months from the date of
notification of such vacancy. Where, on the other hand, a seat of an
appointed Member falls vacant, a new Member shall be appointed to fill the
vacancy. In both cases, the new Member shall complete the term of his
predecessor.
Article 84 []
The annual term of session of the Council shall at least be eight months
and the Council may not be allowed to adjourn the session until the budget
of the State is approved.
Article 85 []
Al-Shoura Council shall commence its annual ordinary session upon
convocation by the Emir within the month of October every year.
Article 86 []
Notwithstanding the preceding two articles, the Emir shall call the
Council for the first meeting following the general elections of the
Council within one month of the end of election. Where the convening of
the Council is delayed during this term from the date prescribed by the
preceding article, then the duration of the term of the Council shall be
reduced by the time difference between the two fore-mentioned dates.
Article 87 []
The Emir or his nominated representative shall open the annual term of the
session of Al-Shoura Council and give a comprehensive speech in which he
addresses the affairs of the State.
Article 88 []
In the case of necessity, the Emir shall, by a decree, or upon a request
by a majority of the Members of the Council call Al-Shoura Council to an
extraordinary meeting. In case of an extraordinary session, the Council
shall not look into matters other than those for which the Council is
convoked.
Article 89 []
Summoning and adjourning the ordinary and extraordinary sessions of the
Council shall be by decree.
Article 90 []
The Emir may by a decree postpone the meeting of Al-Shoura Council for a
period of time not exceeding one month; and the postponement of the
meeting of Al-Shoura Council shall not be repeated during one term save by
the approval of the Council and for one period and such period shall not
be considered as part of the term of the session.
Article 91 []
The Council shall hold its meetings in its seat in Doha City; however, the
Emir may call the Council to convene in any other place.
Article 92 []
Prior to the discharge of their duties before Al-Shoura Council and in an
open session, the Members shall take the following oath:
(I swear by the Almighty God to be loyal to the country and to the Emir,
respect Sharia law, the Constitution and the law, and safeguard the
interests of the people and perform my duties with honesty and integrity).
Article 93 []
The Council shall in its first convening and for the duration of its term
of session elect a Speaker and Deputy Speaker from amongst the Members. In
the event of vacancy of office of either of them, the Council shall elect
to replace either of them for the rest of the duration of the term of
Council. The election shall be by secret ballot and by absolute majority
of the votes of attending Members; and should such majority not be
attained on the first vote, a second vote shall be taken between the two
Members who obtained the highest number of votes of attending Members.
Where there is a tie between the second of the two who obtained the most
votes and another candidate, this other candidate shall run for the second
voting and in such case the election shall be determined by relative
majority. In the event that more than one candidate obtains equal votes, a
lot is cast.The session shall be chaired by the most senior Member until
the Speaker is elected.
Article 94 []
The Council shall set up from amongst its Members, within two weeks from
the commencement of its annual term of session, committees as may be
necessary for the performance of its functions. Such committees may
discharge their functions during the recess of the Council in preparation
for submission of the outcomes of their work to the Council at the
beginning of the following term of session.
Article 95 []
The Council shall have a bureau consisting of the Speaker, his deputy and
chairs of committees, and it shall have a general secretariat to assist
the Council in the discharge of its functions.
Article 96 []
Maintaining order in the Council shall be the function of the Speaker.
Article 97 []
Al-Shoura Council shall make its internal regulations comprising its
internal order and the conduct of its business, the work of committees,
organization of sessions, rules of proceedings, voting and all functions
stipulated in this Constitution. The regulations shall determine the
disciplinary penalties for the Members' violation of order or failure to
attend sessions of the Council or committees without acceptable reason;
and the aforementioned regulations shall be issued by law.
Article 98 []
Sittings of the Council shall be public, and they may also be held in
camera upon a request of one third of the Members of the Council or upon a
request from the Council of Ministers.
Article 99 []
For the sessions of the Council to be quorum, the majority of the Members
must be present provided that the Speaker or his Deputy is present. In the
event that quorum is not attained, the session shall be adjourned to the
next sitting.
Article 100 []
The resolutions of the Council shall be passed by absolute majority of the
attending Members save in cases that require special majority; and in case
the votes are equal, the Speaker shall have casting vote.
Article 101 []
The membership of the Council expires by reason of:
1. Death or total disability;
2. Expiration of term of membership;
3. Resignation;
4. Removal from office;
5. Dissolution of the Council.
Article 102 []
The resignation of a Member shall be made in writing to the Speaker. The
Speaker shall submit the resignation to the Council to decide its
acceptance or refusal. The internal regulations shall specify the rules
pertaining to this matter.
Article 103 []
No member may be removed from the Council unless he loses confidence and
esteem, or becomes disqualified for lacking one of conditions of the
membership on the basis of which he was elected, or is in breach of the
duties of membership. The resolution of removal from the Council shall be
taken by a two-thirds majority of the Members of the Council.
Article 104 []
The Emir may dissolve the Council by a decree in which the reasons for the
dissolution shall be stated; however, the Council shall not be dissolved
twice for the same reasons. Where the Council is dissolved, the elections
of the new Council shall take place within a period not exceeding six
months as of the date of dissolution.
Until a new Council is elected, the Emir with the assistance of the
Council of Ministers shall assume the power of legislation.
Article 105 []
1. Every Member of the Council shall have the right to propose bills; and
every proposal shall be referred to the relevant committee in the Council
for study, making recommendation and submission to the Council. If the
Council accepts the proposal, the same shall be referred in draft form to
the Government for study and opinion. Such a draft shall be returned to
the Council during the same or the following term of session.
2. Any bill rejected by the Council may not be re-introduced during the
same term of session.
Article 106 []
1. Any draft law passed by the Council shall be referred to the Emir for
ratification.
2. If the Emir, declines to approve the draft law, he shall return it a
long with the reasons for such declination to the Council within a period
of three months from the date of referral.
3. In the event that a draft law is returned to the Council within the
period specified in the preceding paragraph and the Council passes the
same once more with a two-thirds majority of all its Members, the Emir
shall ratify and promulgate it. The Emir may in compelling circumstances
order the suspension of this law for the period that he deems necessary to
serve the higher interests of the country. If, however, the draft law is
not passed by a two-thirds majority, it shall not be reconsidered within
the same term of session.
Article 107 []
The general draft budget shall be submitted to Al-Shoura Council at least
two months from the commencement of the fiscal year and it shall not be in
force unless the Council approves it. Al-Shoura Council may with the
approval of the Government make amendments to the draft budget; and in
case that the draft budget is not passed before the start of fiscal year,
the previous budget continues to be effective until the new budget is
passed. The law shall define the method of preparing the budget is
prepared and specify the fiscal year.
Article 108 []
Al-Shoura Council shall have the right to express to the Government its
interest in public matters. If the Government is unable to comply with
such interest, it must give to the Council the reasons for that. The
Council may comment but once on the statement of the Government.
Article 109 []
Every Member of Al-Shoura Council may address a point of clarification to
the Prime Minister and to any of the Ministers pertaining to matters
within their jurisdiction; and only the person who raised the question has
the right to comment but once on the response.
Article 110 []
Every Member of Al-Shoura Council may address an interpellation to
Ministers on matters within their jurisdiction. An interpellation may not
be made unless it is agreed on by one third of the Members of the Council.
Such interpellation may not be discussed before a period of at least ten
days from the date of submission save in urgent circumstances and provided
the Minister agrees to reduce such period.
Article 111 []
Every Minister is responsible before Al-Shoura Council for the performance
of his ministry; and the Minister may not be subjected to a vote of
confidence save after an interpellation addressed to him. The vote of
confidence shall be discussed if the Minister so desires or upon a request
signed by fifteen Members. The Council may not take a resolution in this
respect before at least ten days from the date of the submission of the
request or expression of desire; and the vote of no confidence on the
Minister shall be a majority of two thirds of the Members of the council.
The minister shall be considered to have relinquished his office as of the
date of the no confidence resolution.
Article 112 []
The Minister of the Council shall in no circumstances be accountable for
opinions or statements he makes in respect of matters within the
jurisdiction of the Council.
Article 113 []
1. Save when a Member of Al-Shoura Council is found flagrante delicto, he
shall not be arrested, detained, searched or subject to investigation
without prior permission from the Council. Where the Council has not
issued a resolution on the request for permission within a period of one
month from the date of receipt of the said request, this shall be
virtually considered a permission. The permission shall be issued by the
Speaker of the Council when the latter is not in session.
2. In case of flagrante delicto, the Council must be notified of the
measures taken against the offending Member; and where the Council is not
in session, such notification should be made at the first subsequent
session.
Article 114 []
Combination of membership of the Council and the assumption of public
posts shall not be permissible save in cases where combination is
permissible in accordance with the Constitution.
Article 115 []
The Members of Al-Shoura Council shall aim in their conduct to serve the
interests of the country and shall not, in any way, use their official
positions for their own interests, nor for the interests of their own
acquaintances. The law shall determine the acts that are restricted for
the Member of Al-Shoura Council.
Article 116 []
The Speaker of the Council, his Deputy and the Members shall be granted a
remuneration to be determined by law. Such remuneration shall be due as of
the date of taking oath before the Council.
Article 117 []
No one shall assume a Ministerial Post save a person of an original Qatari
nationality.
Article 118 []
The formation of the Council of Ministers shall be by an Emiri Order on a
proposal by the Prime Minister. The Emir may entrust the Prime Minister or
any other Minister with the functions of one or more ministries; and the
law shall specify the powers of Ministers.
Article 119 []
Prior to assuming office, the Prime Minister and the Ministers shall take
before the Emir the following oath:
( I swear by Almighty God to be loyal to the country and to the Emir ,
respect Shari'a Law, the Constitution and the law, fully safeguard the
interests of the people, perform my duties faithfully, conscientiously,
and with honour, and fully safeguard the territorial integrity and safety
of the State).
Article 120 []
The Council Of Ministers shall assist the Emir in discharging his
functions and exercising his powers in accordance with this Constitution
and the provisions of the law.
Article 121 []
It shall be conferred upon the Council of Ministers, in its capacity as
the highest executive organ, to administer all the internal and external
affairs falling within its jurisdiction as determined in this Constitution
and the provisions of the law. The Council of Ministers shall specifically
perform the following functions:
1. Proposal of draft laws and decrees and submission of the same to
Al-Shoura Council for debates. If such proposed laws are approved by the
Advisory Council, they shall be referred to the Emir for ratification and
promulgation in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution;
2. Approval of the regulations and decisions prepared by the Ministries
and other Government organs relevant to their respective jurisdiction for
the implementation of the laws in accordance with their provisions;
3. Supervision of the implementation of laws, decrees, regulations, and
resolutions;
4. Proposals of establishing and organizing of the Government departments,
public authorities and corporate bodies according to the law;
5. High control of the financial and administrative system of the
Government;
6. Appointment and dismissal of civil servants in the cases where such
appointment and dismissal do not fall within the jurisdiction of the Emir
or the power of the Ministers as specified by the law;
7. Drawing up the general regulations that adequately ensure the
maintenance of internal security and public order in all parts of the
State in accordance with the law;
8. Administration of the finance of the State and preparation of its draft
budget as determined by this Constitution and the provisions of the law;
9. Approval of economic project and methods of their implementation;
10. Supervision of the means for preserving the interests of the State
abroad and maintenance of its international relations and foreign affairs;
11. Preparation of a report at the beginning of every fiscal year
including a detailed survey of the tasks accomplished internally and
abroad. The report shall be accompanied with a plan drawing up the most
adequate ways for achieving comprehensive development of the State,
providing the necessary conditions for its development and prosperity, and
consolidating its security and stability in accordance with the basic
guiding principles of the policy of the State as stated in this
Constitution. The said report shall be submitted to the Emir for approval;
12. Any other functions vested upon it by this Constitution or the law.
Article 122 []
The Ministers shall implement the general Government policy, each within
the limits of his jurisdiction .The Emir may request the Prime Minister
and the Ministers to submit reports on any matter of the State that fall
within the scope of their functions.
Article 123 []
The Prime Minister and the Ministers are collectively responsible before
the Emir for the implementation of the general Government policy; and each
one of them is individually responsible before the Emir for the manner in
which he carries out his duties and exercises his function.
Article 124 []
The law shall determine remunerations for the Prime Minister and the
Ministers; and all provisions pertaining to the Ministers shall apply to
the Prime Minister unless otherwise stipulated.
Article 125 []
The Prime Minister shall, preside over the sessions of the Council,
organize its proceedings and supervise coordination of work among the
various Ministries in order to achieve unity and harmony among the
Governmental organs of the State. The Prime Minister shall sign, in the
name and on behalf of the Council of Ministers, decisions made by the
Council.
He shall also submit to the Emir the decisions of the Council on matters
requiring an Emiri Resolution for approval and issuance in accordance with
the provisions of this Constitution.
Article 126 []
The meetings of the Council of Ministers shall be quorum if a majority of
its Members are present, provided that the Prime Minister or his Deputy
are present. The discussions of the Council shall be secret; and its
decisions shall be made by a majority of the present Members. When the
votes are equal, the Prime Minister shall have casting vote. The minority
shall abide by the opinion of the majority.
Article 127 []
The Council of Ministers shall set up its internal regulations and it
shall have a general secretariat to assist in the discharge of its
functions.
Article 128 []
When assuming their positions, the Ministers shall aim to serve the
interests of the country and shall not, in any way, misuse their official
positions for their own interests, or for the interests of their own
acquaintances. The law shall determine the acts that are restricted for
Ministers and the acts committed during their term of office that entail
accountability; and the said law shall specify the manner of
accountability.
Article 129 []
The supremacy of law is the base of rule in the State. The honour of the
judiciary, its integrity, and impartiality of judges are a safeguard of
rights and liberties.
Article 130 []
The judicial authority shall be independent and it shall be vested in
courts of different types and grades. The courts shall make their
judgments according to the law.
Article 131 []
Judges are independent and they shall not be subject to any power in the
exercise of their judicial functions as provided by the law and no
interference whatsoever shall be permitted with court proceedings and the
course of justice.
Article 132 []
The law shall regulate the categories and divisions of courts and define
their jurisdiction and powers. The jurisdiction of Military tribunals is
restricted, save when martial law is in force, to military crimes
committed by staff of the armed and the security forces within the
limitations specified by the law.
Article 133 []
Court sessions shall be public save when a court decides, for the interest
of public order or morality, to hold them in camera. In all cases, the
pronouncement of judgments shall be made in an open session.
Article 134 []
Judges shall not be subject to removal from office save in cases specified
by the law. The said law shall also specify the rules and disciplinary
matters applicable to Judges.
Article 135 []
The right of litigation is inviolable and it shall be guaranteed to all
people. The law shall specify the procedures and manner of exercising this
right.
Article 136 []
Public prosecution shall conduct public actions in the name of the people,
supervise the law enforcement, and ensure the enforcement of criminal
laws. The law shall regulate the functions of this body, specify the
condition and guarantees pertaining to the staff discharging the functions
of the same.
Article 137 []
The judiciary shall have a Supreme Council to supervise the proper
functioning of courts of law and their auxiliary organs. The law shall
determine the composition, powers and functions of the said Council.
Article 138 []
The law shall determine the competent body entrusted with the settlement
of administrative disputes and define its structure and manner of
discharging its functions.
Article 139 []
The law shall regulate the method of settling conflicts of jurisdiction
and also judgments among the judicial bodies.
Article 140 []
The law shall specify the competent judicial body for settling of disputes
pertaining to the constitutionality of laws and regulations, define its
powers and method of challenging and procedures to be followed before the
said body. It shall also specify the consequences of judgment regarding
unconstitutionality.
Article 141 []
The Emir shall promulgate this Constitution and it shall come into force
as of the day immediately following the date of its publication in the
official Gazette.
Article 142 []
The laws shall be published in the official Gazette after ratification and
promulgation within two weeks of their issue, and unless otherwise stated
in the laws themselves, such laws shall come into force a month as of the
date of their publication.
Article 143 []
All provisions embodied in laws and regulations in force upon the entering
of this Constitution into force shall continue to be valid and effective
unless they are amended in accordance with it. The enforcement of this
Constitution shall not affect the provisions of the treaties and
international agreements to which the State of Qatar is a party.
Article 144 []
The Emir or one third of the Members of Al-Shoura Council each shall have
the prerogative to apply for the amendment of one or more of the articles
of this Constitution. If the majority Members of the Council accept the
amendment in principle, the Council may discuss it article by article. The
amendment shall be passed by a two-thirds majority of the Members of the
Council. The said amendment shall not be into force before the approval of
the Emir and its publication in the official Gazette. If, on the other
hand, the proposal for amendment is rejected in principle or in subject,
it may not be re-introduced before the lapse of one year from the date of
its rejection.
Article 145 []
Provisions pertaining to the rule of the State and its inheritance thereof
may not be subject to application for amendment.
Article 146 []
Provisions pertaining to rights and public liberties may not be subject to
amendment save for the purpose of granting more rights and guarantees for
the interest of the citizen.
Article 147 []
The functions of the Emir set forth in this Constitution may not be
subject to an application for amendment during the term of his deputation.
Article 148 []
No article of this Constitution may be proposed for amendment before the
lapse of a period of ten years from the date of its coming into force.
Article 149 []
No provision of this Constitution may be suspended save where martial laws
are in force and within the limits specified by the law; however, the
convening of the session of Al-Shoura Council may not be suspended neither
may the immunity of its Members be violated during this period.
Article 150 []
The Amended Provisional Constitution, issued on 19th April, 1972, in force
in the State, shall be repealed. The provisions pertaining to the current
Al-Shoura Council shall remain in force until the new Council is elected.
